With a on-going renewal of interest in pictorialism this new book is a timely - and welcome - addition to the literature. It brings new insights in to one of the key photographic styles of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Pictorialism is a complex and multi-faceted movement. Initiated around 1890 in England, with antecendents back to the late 1850s, it rapidly spread across Europe and in the United States before reaching other parts of the globe. Its creators were mainly amateur photographers who wished to demonstrate the creative potential of photography and to liberate it from its simple function of copying or documenting by producing 'artistic' photographs able to convey the photographer's emotion. In order to do so, these photographers focused on what they called 'interpretation' and theorised the freedom to intervene in the making of an image, whether it be while taking the picture (soft focus lenses), on the negative (etching of the gelatine layer) or on the positive (use of specific printing processes such as platinum, carbon or gum bichromate, transforming deeply the image as recorded on the negative).
To defend their ideals and promote their vision of photography, the Pictorialists gathered in societies, clubs or brotherhoods, such as the Linked Ring in England, the Photo-Club de Paris in France, L’Effort in Belgium, or the Photo-Secession in the United States. They also organized countless international exhibitions dedicated to pictorial photography and published hundreds of illustrated books, magazines and portfolios, sumptuously printed in photogravure, the most famous example being Camera Work, founded by Alfred Stieglitz in 1903.
Popular at the turn of the twentieth century, the movement attracted numerous photographers and its leaders were known all over the world: Frederick H. Evans and James Craig Annan for Great-Britain, Robert Demachy and Constant Puyo for France, Heinrich Kühn and Hugo Henneberg for Austria, Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, Clarence H. White or Gertrude Käsebier for the United States.
Eventually challenged by a new generation of photographers who wanted to develop an aesthetic based upon the 'inner qualities' of photography (objectivity, clarity, sharpness), Pictorialism was gradually replaced by New Vision after the First World War. Nevertheless, its ideals and resources did not disappear and its supporters were active during the interwar period and after both in Europe and the United States. As a proof of the vitality of this late – or second generation – pictorialist schools appeared at the time in countries that had previously had little or no involvement in the 1900s movement: Japan, the Czech Republic, Canada, Australia, etc. Although the approach of the photographers from that time evolved taking into account the graphic revolutions of the New Vision, they remained faithful in their endeavour to the aesthetic principles defined originally.
Anchored in the most up-to-date research, this new book – in French – aims at giving a clear and accessible overview of Pictorialism. It deals with the movement in its different aspects to convey a complete and detailed vision to the reader. It considers:
- The main photographers who associated their names with this movement;
- The different countries that took part in this collective adventure;
- The multiple printing processes specific to Pictorialism and that made its aesthetics famous (pigment prints, of course, but also other printing techniques, together with the autochrome and photogravure);
- A time-span longer than the one usually examined in order to include interwar Pictorialism, long forgotten in photographic studies.
Representative and emblematic photographs have been chosen for each selected photographer. Alongside the key figures are less prominent artists to emphasise the fact that Pictorialism was not only adopted by a few men and women whose names remain well-known today, but seduced numerous amateurs with various ambitions and careers, some of whom still wait to be rediscovered and studied.
Features of the book
Reflecting the broadness of the subject, this Photo Poche volume - the 181st in the series - is a double issue (248 pages) gathering 125 photographs by 77 photographers from 15 countries. Photographers are represented by either one, three or five photographs.
The text gathers:
- An introductory essay presenting Pictorialism, its history, characteristics and stakes;
- A record for each photographer, giving key information to understand their work;
- Appendices consisting of:
- a glossary of technical processes;
- a bibliography of the most important pictorialist publications;
- a bibliography of modern studies on the subject.
Moreover, all the works reproduced are precisely captioned, dated and identified, as to their technical process.
List of photographers
Germany: Rudolf Dührkoop, Georg Einbeck, Hugo Erfurth, Wilhelm von Gloeden, Theodor et Oscar Hofmeister, Baron A. de Meyer, Nicola Perscheid, Otto Scharf ; Australia: John Kauffmann ; Austria: Hugo Henneberg, Heinrich Kühn, Hans Watzek ; Belgium: Émile Chavepeyer, Gustave Marissiaux, Léonard Misonne, Émile Rombaut ; Canada: Harold Mortimer-Lamb ; Spain: Antoni Arissa, Antoni Campañà Bandranas, José Ortiz Echagüe ; United-States: Paul L. Anderson, Zaida Ben-Yusuf, Anne Brigman, Alvin L. Coburn, William E. Dassonville, F. Holland Day, Rudolf Eickemeyer, Frank Eugene, Adolf Fassbender, Paul B. Haviland, Gertrude Käsebier, George H. Seeley, Edward J. Steichen, Alfred Stieglitz, Karl F. Struss, Clarence H. White ; France: George Besson, Fernand Bignon, Maurice Bucquet, Mme A. Deglane, Robert Demachy, Pierre Dubreuil, Alfred Fauvarque-Omez, Alphonse Gibory, André Hachette, Céline Laguarde, René Le Bègue, Charles Lhermitte, René Michau, Antonin Personnaz, Constant Puyo ; Great-Britain: James Craig Annan, Malcolm Arbuthnot, Mme G. A. Barton, Walter Benington, Will et Carine Cadby, George Davison, Frederick H. Evans, Alfred Horsley Hinton, Charles Job, J. Dudley Johnston, Alex Keighley, James McKissack, F. J. Mortimer, J. C. Warburg ; Italy: Mario Caffaratti, Domenico Riccardo Peretti-Griva, Guido Rey ; Japan: Ōri Umesaka ; Netherlands: Henri Berssenbrugge, Bernard F. Eilers, John Vanderpant ; Czech Republic: František Drtikol, Drahomír Josef Růžička, Anton Josef Trčka ; Russia: Alexis Mazourine ; Switzerland: Fred Boissonnas
La photographie pictorialiste
Julien Faure-Conorton
Collection « Photo Poche », Actes Sud, 2025
248 pages, 19,50€
ISBN: 9782330120108
Images: top: Constant Puyo, Éventail, 1900, héliogravure (L’Art photographique, 1900), Collection Raphaël Debilly,Paris; left: F. Holland Day, Achille, 1903, platine, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division [LC-DIG-cns-00168]
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